HONG KONG — Conditions in the Chinese manufacturing sector improved slightly in October, according to a survey released Wednesday, underpinning the view that the world’s second-largest economy after that of the United States had at least stabilized in recent weeks.
The purchasing managers’ index published by the British bank
HSBCrallied to 49.1 points in October — a marked improvement from the 47.9 recorded for September and the firmest result in three months. Closely watched by analysts, the preliminary reading of the HSBC index provides one of the earliest insights into how the Chinese economy is faring each month. A final version of the October figure is set to be published Nov. 1, when a separate measure compiled by the Chinese authorities is also due for release.
Analysts said the improvement in the October reading reflected the effect of a steady drip of stimulus measures introduced by Beijing. A gradual improvement in overseas demand in recent months also has helped. A subindex measuring new export orders, for example, rose to a five-month high of 47.3 points as orders for the Christmas season came in.
The reading provided a “positive sign,” and “further evidence of a pickup for the fourth quarter,” economists at Australia & New Zealand Bank in Hong Kong wrote in a research note. At the same time, however, the October number was still below 50 points — the level that separates expansion from contraction, showing that the companies polled in the survey still faced considerable challenges.
Lackluster overseas demand for Chinese exports and moves last year by Beijing to dampen the rapid pace of growth and cool inflation and a red-hot property market have slowed down the Chinese economy this year. The health of the important property sector, in particular, continues to worry some analysts. They fear that many developments that were rushed out when the Chinese authorities engineered a major stimulus program in late 2008 and 2009 may ultimately go sour.
Reflecting a widespread recognition that future economic expansion is likely to be much more subdued than in the past, the
International Monetary Fund and
the World Bank both lowered their economic growth forecasts for China this month.
The I.M.F., for example, said it expected the Chinese economy to expand by 7.8 percent this year — a pace that easily outpaces the United States or Europe, but falls short of China’s 9.3 percent expansion in 2011, and its 10.4 percent growth rate in 2010.
For next year, the I.M.F. forecasts 8.2 percent growth in gross domestic product — in other words, a slight pickup from this year, but no return to the double-digit growth rates of the years before the global financial crisis. Economic data for September, and the HSBC index for October, underlined that view, showing that the pace of growth appeared to have stabilized and could pick up in the coming months.
Thanks to a series of recent measures to bolster the economy, in the fourth quarter of this year, “growth has likely bottomed out and is headed for a gradual recovery,” Qu Hongbin, chief China economist at HSBC, wrote.
Over the past year, the authorities have loosened lending constraints for banks in a bid to encourage more loans and have stepped up infrastructure project approvals. Two small interest rate cuts in June and July also aimed to improve growth.
The ongoing financial turmoil in Europe and the risks associated with the looming “fiscal cliff” in the United States, however, mean that the outlook remains “challenging,” Mr. Qu said.
Released Wednesday, a purchasing managers’ index for manufacturing and services businesses in the euro zone, compiled by Markit, an economic data firm, underlined his point: The preliminary reading for October fell to a 40-month low of 45.8 points, from 46.1 in September, confounding expectations for a slight rise.
A version of this article appeared in print on October 25, 2012, in The International Herald Tribune.
Why China Hates U.S. Presidential Elections
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamOct 24, 2012
Ding’s article, which ran with the headline “China-bashing: Shame on American Politics,” is an extreme example of the angst—even anger—that many Chinese feel when they listen to American presidential candidates talk tough on China. Most people in China, of course, don’t hate Americans. But Chinese policymakers do hate American elections—especially the effect they have on China’s image in the United States. This year has been especially bad, analysts say, as Beijing has been blamed for everything from the sluggish U.S. economy to America’s high unemployment rate. Coming at a time of declining economic growth in China and fierce competition over trade between the two countries has created considerable tension.
That tension is reflected in the polls. An October poll from the Pew Research Center found that 49 percent of American voters want the U.S. to get tough on China, an increase of nine percent from March of 2011. And only 42 percent of voters want the U.S. to build a strong relationship with China, compared to 53 percent in March of last year. Most of the American angst about China is economic as opposed to military, according to a September Pew poll, with the biggest concerns being the amount of American debt held by China and the loss of U.S. jobs.
Poll results reflect rising friction in China as well. A separate Pew Survey, for instance, found growing wariness and negative perceptions of America compared to two years ago. The percentage of Chinese respondents who characterize their country’s relationship with the U.S. as one of cooperation has dropped from 68 percent in 2010 to 39 percent today. More than a quarter of those surveyed said the relationship was hostile, compared to eight percent two years ago. Confidence in Ratings President Barack Obama also declined significantly, down to 38 percent compared to 52 percent in 2010.
One reason why Chinese leaders in particular dislike changes in Washington: they feel the need “to teach the new American president about the realities of the relationship,” said one Chinese source who requested anonymity because he wasn’t cleared to talk with media. These realities, in the Chinese view, include the need to avoid a trade war that, because of their interdependence, would undermine both economies. The learning curve for U.S. presidents can make for jittery moments. In April of 2001, for instance, not long after George W. Bush took office, a U.S. EP-3 spy plane collided with a Chinese jet fighter in mid-air over the South China Sea. The 24 crew members of the American plane subsequently landed on China’s Hainan Island. After 11 days of intense negotiations over apologetic language, they were released. But the incident turned out to be more protracted and more difficult to resolve than expected.
Ding’s strident take on American-style multi-party democracy is not shared by a majority of Chinese, according to a Pew survey, conducted earlier this year in China. More than 50 percent of respondents said they like American ideas about democracy, while 29 percent said they dislike them. Yet this favorable opinion of democracy is yet another reason why Beijing hates American elections: they underscore how ordinary Chinese citizens have little say in choosing their own leaders. The contrast is especially clear when the U.S. results are startling, like Barack Obama’s groundbreaking victory 2008, an outcome which blindsided Chinese analysts.
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Melinda Liu is Bejiing bureau chief for Newsweek and The Daily Beast, a veteran foreign correspondent, and recipient of a number of awards, including the 2006 Shorenstein Journalism Award, acknowledging her reporting on Asia.
For inquiries, please contact The Daily Beast at editorial@thedailybeast.com.
U.S. GDP Grows At Quickening Pace On Government And Consumer Spending
in Uncategorized/by MAM Team10/26/2012
The pickup in growth may help President Barack Obama’s message that the economy is improving. Still, growth remains too weak to rapidly boost hiring. And the 1.74 percent rate for 2012 trails last year’s 1.8 percent growth, a point GOP nominee Mitt Romney will emphasize.
The report is the last snapshot of economic growth before Americans choose a president in 11 days.
Growth was held back by the first drop in exports in more than three years and flat business investment in equipment and software.
Can ‘Made in America’ Make a Comeback?
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamOctober, 2012
“It is very difficult to find a truly ‘made in America’ product,” says Melissia Perry, 44, a married mom of four from Woodstock. “How many plants have to shut down or jobs have to be lost because we do not manufacture in this country anymore?” she asks.
Perry drives a 2001 GM Chevy Suburban. Her husband drives a ‘68 Ford Mustang. She’s got fully functional radios and televisions from the 1940s and sometimes uses her great-grandmother’s crochet hooks to make crafts.
She’s surrounded by items from the past, but she’s an example of the future — one in which more American consumers are seeking out and buying 100 percent American-made goods.
The topic is a hot issue in the current political climate, fueled in part last summer by the outcry from members of Congress over the Chinese made U.S. Olympic team uniforms.
Retailers are responding to consumer demand.
In January 2012, AmericasMart — the Atlanta-based global wholesale market center— launched Made in America during The Atlanta International Gift & Home Furnishings Market. The merchandise products mix includes jewelry, paper, candles, apparel and textiles, many of which and much more. Many of the products are manufactured by small independent companies that who take pride in providing local jobs, said Amy James, executive director of AmericasMart.
Buford-based Okabashi Brands, Inc., which has designed, manufactured and assembled its sandals and flip-flops in the U.S. since the company launched in 1984, is changing its tagline to reflect that history.
Traditionally, U.S. manufacturing has come with a higher cost, but as overseas labor costs increase, the gap is closing. At the same time, Americans say they are willing to pay more for American-made products. The hard part is figuring out which products are truly American made.
In addition to buying antiques, Perry says she emails or calls companies to ask if their products are 100 percent U.S. made. Sometimes she has to take her business elsewhere, and sometimes when she does find American made products, she has to pay a bit more. But she isn’t complaining. “Either society has to shift and be willing to pay a little more for something that is a little better,” Perry says, “or ‘made in America’ simply isn’t going to exist anymore.”
Are you willing to pay a little more for Made in America products? Why? And what are your strategies for making sure what you buy is really American made?
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Data Hint at China Manufacturing Rebound
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamOctober 23, 2012
Analysts said the improvement in the October reading reflected the effect of a steady drip of stimulus measures introduced by Beijing. A gradual improvement in overseas demand in recent months also has helped. A subindex measuring new export orders, for example, rose to a five-month high of 47.3 points as orders for the Christmas season came in.
The reading provided a “positive sign,” and “further evidence of a pickup for the fourth quarter,” economists at Australia & New Zealand Bank in Hong Kong wrote in a research note. At the same time, however, the October number was still below 50 points — the level that separates expansion from contraction, showing that the companies polled in the survey still faced considerable challenges.
Lackluster overseas demand for Chinese exports and moves last year by Beijing to dampen the rapid pace of growth and cool inflation and a red-hot property market have slowed down the Chinese economy this year. The health of the important property sector, in particular, continues to worry some analysts. They fear that many developments that were rushed out when the Chinese authorities engineered a major stimulus program in late 2008 and 2009 may ultimately go sour.
Reflecting a widespread recognition that future economic expansion is likely to be much more subdued than in the past, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank both lowered their economic growth forecasts for China this month.
The I.M.F., for example, said it expected the Chinese economy to expand by 7.8 percent this year — a pace that easily outpaces the United States or Europe, but falls short of China’s 9.3 percent expansion in 2011, and its 10.4 percent growth rate in 2010.
For next year, the I.M.F. forecasts 8.2 percent growth in gross domestic product — in other words, a slight pickup from this year, but no return to the double-digit growth rates of the years before the global financial crisis. Economic data for September, and the HSBC index for October, underlined that view, showing that the pace of growth appeared to have stabilized and could pick up in the coming months.
Thanks to a series of recent measures to bolster the economy, in the fourth quarter of this year, “growth has likely bottomed out and is headed for a gradual recovery,” Qu Hongbin, chief China economist at HSBC, wrote.
Over the past year, the authorities have loosened lending constraints for banks in a bid to encourage more loans and have stepped up infrastructure project approvals. Two small interest rate cuts in June and July also aimed to improve growth.
The ongoing financial turmoil in Europe and the risks associated with the looming “fiscal cliff” in the United States, however, mean that the outlook remains “challenging,” Mr. Qu said.
Released Wednesday, a purchasing managers’ index for manufacturing and services businesses in the euro zone, compiled by Markit, an economic data firm, underlined his point: The preliminary reading for October fell to a 40-month low of 45.8 points, from 46.1 in September, confounding expectations for a slight rise.
A version of this article appeared in print on October 25, 2012, in The International Herald Tribune.
Made in Middle America – A Manufacturing Resurgence Happening Here
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamDan Henson and Anil Makhija
The fact is that the story of American manufacturing is rosier than many of us might think. It’s a story about leading from the middle. As a whole, the middle market may be just one part of our country’s economic recovery, but as an engine of sustainable growth and job creation, it’s a sector that deserves additional attention.
Middle market companies are often overlooked by the media. The typical middle market company employs three or four hundred people and brings in sales of $40 to $50 million a year. They are too big to be considered small businesses but not yet of a size that makes them large corporations and more than 70 percent of them are privately owned, with almost a third still under family ownership.
In the aggregate, they employ more than eight million manufacturing workers in the United States., and, despite uncertain economic times, they have been growing steadily, hiring consistently and quietly leading a resurgence in American manufacturing.
This week, we’re welcoming more than a thousand middle market executives to a meeting in Columbus, Ohio, where we will share some good news. In the past 12 months, the 20,000 or so middle market manufacturing firms in the United States grew sales by more than six percent — in total that’s around $48 billion of new revenues — and added around a quarter of a million jobs. The manufacturing middle grew more than three times as fast as the broader U.S. economy over the same period, and grew faster even than the developing economies like Brazil, India and Russia that we hear so much about.
You won’t hear as much about these companies. You likely won’t read about them in the press because they don’t quite fit into the small business section and they aren’t likely to be in your 401K, but the truth is that they are leading the recovery and renewal in American manufacturing.
What makes middle market companies different, and worthy of their own place in our business theories, is precisely what makes them so important. On average, an American middle market company is over 30 years old. And over 70 percent of them are privately owned, many by their founding families. These two factors combine to create a distinct formula. A formula for growth. These factors mean that they are both more established and therefore better positioned than smaller companies to survive through tough economic times, while also benefiting from more flexible management who can take a longer term approach than peers at larger corporate.
But the size and nature of these companies also means that they face their own set of challenges. Middle market firms are beset by a similar set of operational issues and constraints faced by small businesses — everyday concerns around compensation and margin pressures — and yet at the same time they are faced with the external challenges that beset larger companies — regulatory and healthcare costs — without the economies of scale that larger corporates benefit from.
If we want to navigate through these tough economic times, the role that the middle market plays needs to be recognized. We need to see U.S. business in a different way, not just as a two dimensional combination of large and small, but as a more complex and dynamic blend.
Dan Henson is President and CEO, GE Capital, Americas. Dr. Anil Makhija is the academic director of the National Center for the Middle Market, the leading source of knowledge, leadership and innovative research on the U.S. middle market economy and a partnership between The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business and GE Capital. For more information, please visit www.middlemarketcenter.org.
WHY IT MATTERS: Outsourcing
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamOctober 22, 2012
U.S. multinational companies have taken advantage of lower trade barriers over the past 15 years to shift jobs and production to lower-wage countries, a practice generally known as outsourcing. That’s cut costs for consumers and helped those companies grow, which can support employment in the United States. Still, it has also raised fears that the United States is permanently losing the kind of high-paying manufacturing jobs needed to support a healthy middle class.
President Barack Obama has proposed giving tax breaks to U.S. manufacturers that produce domestically or bring back jobs from overseas. He also wants U.S. companies to pay taxes on more of their overseas earnings. Currently, U.S. corporations don’t pay U.S. taxes on overseas profits unless they bring that cash back to the United States. Obama argues that this encourages outsourcing. Many Republicans say his proposal would raise taxes on U.S. companies and encourage them to move their headquarters overseas, so they would no longer be considered U.S. corporations.
Mitt Romney says he wants to make the United States a more attractive place to do business by cutting corporate taxes and reducing regulations. Romney also says he will discourage companies from moving operations to China by pushing that country to let its currency rise in value. That would make its exports more expensive.
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Why it matters:
With unemployment painfully high, it’s not surprising that fears over outsourcing, which first surfaced in the mid-2000s, have returned. Unemployment topped 8 percent for 43 months from February 2009 through August 2012, the longest stretch since the Great Depression. It dipped to 7.8 percent in September.
Also fueling fears is the decision by Apple and other high-tech companies to manufacture many of their goods in China. That suggests it isn’t just low-skilled jobs in industries such as textiles that are being lost.
According to Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs, the late Apple founder told Obama in 2010 that there weren’t enough engineers in the U.S. to support its vast manufacturing operations. Jobs also argued that government regulation made it harder to set up factories in the U.S.
One new twist is that U.S. manufacturers are more competitive after the recession and fewer jobs are being shifted overseas. Wages in China are rising and its currency has increased in value. U.S. factory workers have accepted pay cuts and are more productive. And energy has become cheaper for U.S.-based companies thanks to gains in oil and natural gas production.
All those factors have eroded China’s cost advantages and perhaps slowed the outsourcing trend. Michael Dolega of TD Economics estimates that the U.S. has gained about 55,000 manufacturing jobs in the past year that in the past would have been shipped overseas.
Even so, economists warn that the two candidates are overstating the potential for a manufacturing renaissance. Jeffrey Bergstrand, a professor at the University of Notre Dame, calls it “factory nostalgia.”
The United States lost roughly 6 million manufacturing jobs from 2000 to 2010. Since then, it has regained about a half-million of those jobs, or less than 10 percent of the losses. Dolega estimates that under a best-case scenario, the U.S. could add another 1 million manufacturing jobs over the next decade.
“There are some jobs that are not going to come back,” Obama acknowledges. “I want high wage, high skill jobs. That’s why we have to emphasize manufacturing.” Says Romney: “We can compete with anyone in the world as long as the playing field is level.”
Tribune Endorsement: Too Many Mitts
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamIn short, this is the Mitt Romney we knew, or thought we knew, as one of us.
Sadly, it is not the only Romney, as his campaign for the White House has made abundantly clear, first in his servile courtship of the tea party in order to win the nomination, and now as the party’s shape-shifting nominee. From his embrace of the party’s radical right wing, to subsequent portrayals of himself as a moderate champion of the middle class, Romney has raised the most frequently asked question of the campaign: “Who is this guy, really, and what in the world does he truly believe?”
The evidence suggests no clear answer, or at least one that would survive Romney’s next speech or sound bite. Politicians routinely tailor their words to suit an audience. Romney, though, is shameless, lavishing vastly diverse audiences with words, any words, they would trade their votes to hear.
More troubling, Romney has repeatedly refused to share specifics of his radical plan to simultaneously reduce the debt, get rid of Obamacare (or, as he now says, only part of it), make a voucher program of Medicare, slash taxes and spending, and thereby create millions of new jobs. To claim, as Romney does, that he would offset his tax and spending cuts (except for billions more for the military) by doing away with tax deductions and exemptions, is utterly meaningless without identifying which and how many would get the ax. Absent those specifics, his promise of a balanced budget simply does not pencil out.
If this portrait of a Romney willing to say anything to get elected seems harsh, we need only revisit his branding of 47 percent of Americans as freeloaders who pay no taxes, yet feel victimized and entitled to government assistance. His job, he told a group of wealthy donors, “is not to worry about those people. I’ll never convince them they should take personal responsibility and care for their lives.”
Where, we ask, is the pragmatic, inclusive Romney, the Massachusetts governor who left the state with a model health care plan in place, the Romney who led Utah to Olympic glory? That Romney skedaddled and is nowhere to be found.
And what of the president Romney would replace? For four years, President Barack Obama has attempted, with varying degrees of success, to pull the nation out of its worst financial meltdown since the Great Depression, a deepening crisis he inherited the day he took office.
In the first months of his presidency, Obama acted decisively to stimulate the economy. His leadership was essential to passage of the badly needed American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Though Republicans criticize the stimulus for failing to create jobs, it clearly helped stop the hemorrhaging of public sector jobs. The Utah Legislature used hundreds of millions in stimulus funds to plug holes in the state’s budget.
Montauk Tackle Company: Why we Make Our Apparel in The United States of America
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamPresident/Founder
Montauk Tackle Company
The list below will show you what one small American Made Company can do and how each shirt we sell at MTC filters through our US economy. In our nations history it has never been more important to support each other. I believe it is up to U.S. to pull ourselves up by our own bootstraps despite Washington Politics.
Here are the Americans MTC affects directly. Some folks are individuals and some are part of companies that have a dozen employees or even hundreds.
It starts with our fabric. Lena (NY/CA) who has her group mill the fabrics to our specs, Joann (NY) our sample maker, Tony (NY) and his group that make the patterns, Ming (NY) and his group that cut all the fabric. Mike(NJ) and his group that embroiders our logo on the sleeves for us. Denise (NY) and her group who silk screen our logo on our shirts. Jeffie (NY) and her group that sew it all together. Gary (CA) who gets all of our size labels/hangtags/bumper stickers printed. Gee (NY) and his storefront for thread and zippers, John (NY) and his store for buttons. Uline (IL) for poly bags, boxes, tape. Avery Dennis (IL) for UPC codes, Robert (NY) our messenger/trucking service, Lauren (NY) and her group that warehouse, pick and pack for us, Pat (NY) our UPS driver. The employees at the Staples store in Freeport (NY) (office supplies), Roy (NY) our landlord, Barbara (NY) our Bookkeeper, Glen (NY) our Accountant, Chris (NY) our attorney, Jack (NY) who services my truck, Hess employees in Oceanside (NY) where I get my diesel, Marcel (PA) design/ads/website(my right hand man) Our marketing effort (think about the printers running the presses, editors, writers, office workers at each of the following magazines) Patti(TX) our sales rep at Texas Saltwater Angler Mag., Boone (FL) Florida Sportfishing mag., Bill (CA) Pacific Coast Sport Fishing, Mark, (FL) Sport Fishing, Marlin, Saltwater Sportsman, Saltwater Fly Fishing Mags., 3Dcart-our webhosting company. Mike (TX) our sales rep and his group in Texas. Bob (NH) our sales rep group in the northeast. Trade shows we attend, FL/NV/UT flights, hotels, car rentals, meals.
Our retailers to name a few big and small, who I want to thank for giving MTC a shot and supporting an American Made Company. Fred (NJ) at Tackle Direct, Kim (FL) Capt. Harry’s, Norma, (TX) Tackle Unlimited, Ben (NH) Orvis, Mark (NY) Baypark Marine, Toni (CT) The Dock Shop, Mike (OH) Newport Dry Goods.
As our Business expands, we have already identified Mills and Factories in North and South Carolina for the future. With expansion comes more U.S employment, rep groups in the southeast and west coast. Expanding advertising and trade show events.
Buying American Made is the right thing to do. Right now. There are some great American Made products out there. And I am sure no matter what you are looking for or need you can find an American company that could fulfill that need. Rest assure that company is also effecting the lives of American families as well. There are a bunch of blogs and Facebook pages that list all kinds of American made products. Google American Made. Here are a few URL’s to check out.
The Made in America Movement
Made in USA Challenge
USA Love List
Made in America Stuff
Buy Direct USA
USA Only
Please, if you can, share our American story, a True American Brand, with your friends, family, business associates and any media contacts you may have. The sooner we expand the sooner we can engage more fabric mills, factories, truckers, warehouse workers..…well you get the idea.
Doing my part,
Ron (NY)
Facebook: Montauk Tackle Company
Pinterest: Montauk Tackle
Twitter: @MontaukTackle
Google+: Montauk Tackle Company
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Montauk Tackle Company is a Proud Corporate Member of the Made in America Movement. Become a Corporate Member and enjoy some amazing benefits which come along with membership. Email us for details: info@themadeinamericamovement.com
Defense Department Pushed to Buy 'Made in America' Military Uniforms
in Uncategorized/by MAM TeamOct. 18, 2012
“If it’s taxpayer dollars, it should help American workers and American businesses, pure and simple,” Brown told ABC News.
A spokesman for Kendall told ABC News: “Our policy has been and will continue to be to purchase combat boots and other articles of military clothing that are made in the U.S.”
Since 1941, the Berry Amendment has required the Department of Defense to give preference to clothing and other items made in the U.S.
An Air Force spokeswoman told the newspaper that the Berry Amendment did not apply for purchases under $150,000.
In his letter, Sen. Brown questioned the law’s language that allows for waivers and asked if the Defense Department violated its policies.
“Our service members should not be given equipment manufactured in other countries when domestic options exist,” Brown wrote. “Our men and women in uniform are fighting for their country, and deserve to fight in quality uniforms and boots that are made in the U.S.A.”
Earlier this month, Rep. Duncan Hunter, R-Calif., and Rep. Mike Michaud, D-Maine, also drafted a letter to Kendall about the Berry Amendment.
“There’s no justifiable explanation for issuing foreign-made uniforms when there are American manufacturers who can make high quality items for everyday military use,” Hunter told ABC News. “Our military not only defends American interests but it represents American interests and it’s definitely in the national interest to have a military that directly supports domestic manufacturers.”
About 40 bipartisan lawmakers are in the process of signing the letter and plan to send it to Kendall soon.
“We should not rely on other countries, particularly those who may have competing global interests, to supply our forces with basic items,” Hunter and Michaud wrote. “This is especially true when there are millions of Americans looking for work.”
Brown said it is not clear if the Defense Department would be paying more or less for products in the U.S., but public support is in favor of using U.S. products, especially for groups representing the country.
He pointed to the outcry over U.S. Olympic team members wearing uniforms made in China. In July, a “World News” report revealed outfits for the opening ceremony were not made in the U.S. Lawmakers wrote letters to the U.S. Olympic Committee asking that future uniforms be made in America.
“American flags that fly over post offices should be 100 percent American-made,” Brown said. “Any kind of military uniforms should be made in this country.”
Manufacturing Jobs Aren’t Coming Back, No Matter Who’s President
in Economy, Jobs, Manufacturing/by MAM TeamRead more